Investigating The Genetic Basis of Lung Cancer Susceptibility In India

Lung cancer, a formidable adversary in the realm of oncology, continues to pose a significant global health challenge. While various factors contribute to the development of lung cancer, including environmental exposures and lifestyle choices, the role of genetics is increasingly gaining attention. In this blog, we delve into the intricate relationship between genetics and lung cancer, with a specific focus on the Indian population.

Understanding lung cancer

Lung cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in the tissues of the lung. It can be broadly classified into two main types: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Both types have distinct genetic profiles that influence their development, progression, and response to treatment.

Genetics of lung cancer

Genetic susceptibility

Individuals with a family history of lung cancer may be at a higher risk due to shared genetic factors. Specific genetic variations, such as mutations in certain genes, can increase susceptibility. Notably, gene variations like EGFR, KRAS, and TP53 have been linked to lung cancer.

Ethnic variations

The prevalence of certain genetic mutations varies among different ethnic populations. For instance, studies have shown that the prevalence of EGFR mutations in lung cancer is higher in Asian populations, including Indians, compared to Western populations. This has implications for the choice of targeted therapies.

Genetics of lung cancer in the Indian population

Prevalence and incidence

In India, lung cancer is a significant public health concern, with both urban and rural populations affected. According to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), lung cancer is one of the leading cancer types among Indian men and women.

EGFR mutations

EGFR mutations are more commonly found in lung cancer patients of Asian descent, including Indians.  A subset of patients with these mutations may be eligible for targeted therapies such EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, a promising option for a subset of patients.

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Research and advancements

Ongoing research in India is focused on unraveling the genetic landscape of lung cancer. Collaborative efforts between researchers and healthcare professionals aim to identify novel genetic markers, improve diagnostics, and develop targeted therapies tailored to the Indian population.

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